Category: Biochemistry
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION, ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION It is the main source of energy of our cell. Takes place in Mitochondria. Movement of protons through inner mitochondrial membrane leads to ATP production DEFINITION Oxidative phosphorylation includes the coupling of the oxidation of NADH or FADH2 by the respiratory chain with the synthesis of ATP via gradient of protons across the inner mitochondrial…
Q & A ON WATER AND MINERAL SALT
Q1. What is the approximate percentage (in mass) of water in the human body? Is this percentage expected to be larger in the adult or in the old individual? Ans: Approximately 65% of the human individual mass is water. The brain, for example, has around 90% of water in mass, the muscles, 85%, and the…
VARIETY OF LIFE
Q1) Any attribute or descriptive phrase, referring to form, structure or behaviour of a specific organism for a particular purpose is: A) Expression B) Specificity C) Character D) Nature E) None of the above Q2) Which one of the following is an example of “Expression of character”? A) Petal length B) Stem thickness C) Corolla…
ENZYMES
Q1) Enzyme is a Greek word which means: A) in virus B) in bacteria C) in fungi D) in yeast E) in humans Q2) Who discovered that certain molecules of ribonucleic acid also function as enzymes? A) Friedrich Wilhem Kuhne only B) Friedrich and Thomas Cech C) Thomas Cech only D) Sidney Altman & Thomas…
HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM
The origin of human nervous system is ectodermal. The whole nervous system is divided into three parts. Central Nervous System It comprises the brain and the spinal cord. Brain Brain accommodate in the skull while spinal cord is enclosed by the vertebral column. To support brain and protect it from external pressures, it is surrounded…
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION, ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION It is the main source of energy of our cell. Takes place in Mitochondria. Movement of protons through inner mitochondrial membrane leads to ATP production DEFINITION Oxidative phosphorylation includes the coupling of the oxidation of NADH or FADH2 by the respiratory chain with the synthesis of ATP via gradient of protons across the inner mitochondrial…
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DIFFERENT MODE OF DIGESTION IN ORGANISMS The collective processes by which a living organism takes food which are necessary for their growth, maintenance and energy needs is called nutrition. The chemical substances present in the food are called nutrients. It is important to know the different modes of nutrition in all living organisms in order…
BIOTECHNOLOGY
The word biotechnology has come from two words, bios (meaning biology) and technology (meaning technological application). Thus biotechnology is defined as the industrial application of living organisms and their biological processes such as biochemistry, microbiology, and genetic engineering, in order to make best use of the microorganisms for the benefit of mankind. Biotechnology is applied in…
ORIGIN OF LIFE
The earth was formed about five billion years ago. At that time it was extremely hot. The existence of life in any form at that high temperature was not possible. As such, two questions arise pertaining to life: 1. How did life originate on earth? 2. How did primitive organisms evolve into new forms resulting…
ENZYMES
The global life depends on a series of chemical reactions. Most of the chemical reactions proceed too slowly on their own to sustain life. Hence catalysts are required to greatly accelerate the rates of these chemical reactions. In nature enzymes posses the catalytic power to facilitate life processes in essentially all life-forms from viruses to…
COMPONENTS OF THE CELL
The major components of the cell are cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus Cell membrane (Plasma membrane) Each cell has a limiting boundary, the cell membrane, plasma membrane or plasmalemma. It is a living membrane, outermost in animal cells but internal to cell wall in plant cells. It is flexible and can fold in (as in food vacuoles…
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular respiration is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and then release waste products. The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process as…
