Q&A on Cell Structure

Q1: What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms?

A1: The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms is the cell.

Q2: What is the main function of the cell membrane?

A2: The cell membrane regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell and plays a crucial role in maintaining cell integrity and communication with the external environment.

Q3: Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis in the cell?

A3: Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell.

Q4: Where can you find genetic material (DNA) in eukaryotic cells?

A4: In eukaryotic cells, genetic material (DNA) is primarily located within the nucleus.

Q5: What organelle is often referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell and is responsible for producing ATP?

A5: Mitochondria are often referred to as the “powerhouse” of the cell and are responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration.

Q6: What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell?

A6: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in synthesizing proteins and lipids, and it plays a role in protein folding and transport.

Q7: Which organelle contains enzymes for breaking down cellular waste and cellular debris?

A7: Lysosomes contain enzymes for breaking down cellular waste and cellular debris.

Q8: In plant cells, what organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?

A8: Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.

Q9: What is the purpose of the cytoskeleton in a cell?

A9: The cytoskeleton provides structural support to the cell, helps maintain cell shape, and is involved in cellular movement and transport.

Q10: Where does cellular respiration occur in eukaryotic cells, and what is its primary function?

A10: Cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria, and its primary function is to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the cell’s energy currency.

Q11: What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

A11: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport within or outside the cell.

Q12: What are the key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A12: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are generally more complex.

Q13: How do plant cells differ from animal cells in terms of structure?

A13: Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts for photosynthesis, and a central vacuole, which are features not typically found in animal cells.

Q14: What is the role of the nucleolus within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

A14: The nucleolus is involved in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the assembly of ribosomes.

Q15: Why is the presence of mitochondria important for eukaryotic cells?

A15: Mitochondria are essential for producing ATP, the primary energy source for eukaryotic cells, enabling them to carry out various cellular functions.